黑龙江省健康人群乙型病毒性肝炎血清流行病学分析

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among healthy children and young adults in Heilongjiang province: a seroepidemiological survey

目的了解黑龙江省1~29岁人群乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)感染状况和乙肝疫苗(Hep B)预防接种效果,以及乙肝病毒感染者血清标志物8年后的变化情况。方法 2014年9月,在黑龙江省采用分层二阶段整群随机抽样方法,调查7个县(区)932名1~29岁居民,同时对2006年在黑龙江省健康人群乙肝血清学调查中检测出乙肝感染者45人,分别于2009年和2014年追踪调查乙肝病毒感染血清标志物变化情况,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测乙肝病毒感染血清标志物。结果黑龙江省1~29岁人群HBV感染率为7.51%,乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBs Ag)阳性率为1.29%;Hep B接种率为88.09%。5岁以下人群HBV感染率为3.17%,HBs Ag阳性率为0.26%;Hep B接种率为100%。2006—2014年8年,有66.67%的HBe Ag阳性患者转为HBe Ag阴性。结论黑龙江省1~29岁人群HBs Ag流行率呈下降趋势,黑龙江省乙肝防控工作已显成效。

Objective To examine the status of hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection and intervention effect of hepatitis B vaccine （HepB） inoculation among 1 -29 years old people in Heilongjiang province and to explore changes in serum markers among HBV infected people 8 years after the implementation of HepB inoculation. Methods Two-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 932 residents aged 1 - 29 years in 7 counties or districts in Hei- longjiang province;all the participants were surveyed with a questionnaire interview and detections for HBV infection serum makers with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. In addition,45 residents identified with HBV infec- tion in 2006 were followed-up in 2009 and 2014 to determine their seroconversions of HBV serum markers. Results Among the 932 participants, the HBV infection rate was 7.51% ;the positive rate of HBV surface antigen （HBsAg） was 1.29%. Among the participants less than 5 years old, the HBV infection rate was 3.17% and positive rate of HBsAg was 0. 26%. The HepB vaccination rate was 88.09% for all the participants. Of the 45 identified HBV infections, 67% showed a seroconversion of positive to negative for hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg） during the 8-year period. Conclusion The prevalence of HBsAg positive showed a declining trend among healthy residents at ages of 1 - 29 years in Hei- longjiang province, suggesting that a great success had been achieved in HBV prevention and control.