北宋年间开封府降水量的变动及其影响——以水灾与淤田为中心

The Change of Precipitation in Kaifeng Prefecture during the Northern Song Dynasty and Its Influence on Agriculture:The Case of Floods and Sedimentary Irrigation

北宋年间,开封府农业区处于一个很大波动性的降水环境下。本文运用历史文献中的旱涝资料,用地理学的旱涝等级法和湿润指数法,对开封府的降水进行量化的分析;还原人们应对自然灾害,尤其是水灾的应对,并且阐述降水变化下淤田活动的兴衰。结论显示,在治水过程中科技、政治、军事共同发挥着作用,开封府因为其特殊的地理区位得到资源的倾斜;淤田的衰落是降水稀少之使然,干旱气候下淤田与漕运的矛盾不可调和。

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng Agricultural Area was in a very fluc- tuating precipitation environment. In this paper, the author collected the drought and floods data from the historical documents to quantitatively analyze the precipitation in Kaifeng pre- fecture by flood/drought index and moisture index which are meteorological methods, the author restored the people＇s response to natural disasters, especially floods, and explain the vicissitude of sedimentary irrigation under the change of precipitation. The conclusion shows that, science, politics and military conditions played an important role in the flood control, and Kaifeng owned more resources because of its special geographic location. What＇ more, the decline of sedimentary irrigation was due to little precipitation, and the contradiction be- tween sedimentary irrigation and river transports cannot be reconciled under the dry climate.