从《元亨疗马集》、《活兽慈舟》看明清兽医学发展特点

The Development Characteristics of Veterinary Medicine in Ming and Qing Dynasties Based on the Ancient Veterinary Books“Yuan Heng Liao Ma Ji”and“Huo Shou Ci Zhou”

《元亨疗马集》和《活兽慈舟》是明清时期具有代表性的兽医学古典文献,该文献对于畜禽的外貌鉴定、饲养管理方式及疾病治疗等方面都有着独特见解,其中兽医学理论具有鲜明的时代特征。本文通过比较《元亨疗马集》和《活兽慈舟》在记述特点、兽医学理论、动物针灸疗法、牲畜疾病及药方等内容上的不同,不仅能够发现两者在历史发展过程中所产生的积极作用与影响,更能够梳理明清时期中兽医学发展的脉络。

The Ancient Veterinary Books ＂Yuan Heng Liao Ma Ji＂ and ＂Huo Shou Ci Zhou＂ are representative classical literatures on veterinary medicine in Ming and Qing dynasties, which have a unique view about animals＇ classification rating, rearing method and diseases treating. The theory of veterinary medicine has distinctive characteristics of the times. By comparing the differences between the two books in descriptive features, veterinary theory, aninlai acupuncture theory and animal diseases, this article not only finds the positive func- tion and influence of both in the course of historical development, but also analyzes the vena- tion of development of Chinese veterinary medicine in Ming and Qing dynasties.