如何看待当今资本主义社会的危机——兼论高放先生的新观点

How to Think of the Crisis in Today's Capitalist Society

当今资本主义社会面临一系列危机和挑战,诸如人口老龄化、难民危机、债务危机以及财政赤字。英国退欧对欧洲一体化的打击,欧洲极右翼政治势力的崛起对西方权利体系的冲击,极端恐怖组织对欧美国家发动的暴力恐怖袭击,使得西方资本主义社会深陷泥潭、动荡不安。从历史唯物史观来看,今天欧美社会出现的危机和矛盾是资本主义发展内在规律的表现,西方传统的精英政治走向衰落以及反建制派的崛起,说明资本主义制度出现新问题,需要深刻的反思。从新科技革命与全球化浪潮来看,欧美社会的危机与矛盾往往会促进资本主义生产方式变革,社会形态转型。当今资本主义已跨越帝国主义阶段步入社会资本主义时代,国家垄断资本主义的强大职能恰恰为欧美资本主义社会应对危机、化解矛盾提供了制度保障。资本主义国家发展的历史经验表明,庞大的中间阶层是社会稳定与和平转型的中坚,当今欧美社会中产阶级的萎缩给社会危机的化解增添了变数。

Capitalist society today faces a series of crises and challenges, such as aging population, refugee cri- sis, debt crisis and fiscal deficit. A series of relevant events have left the Western capitalist society in a quagmire and turmoil, which includes the impact of the Brexit on European integration and the rise of European far-right political forces on the Western rights system, and the violent terrorist attacks on the European and American countries carried out by the extremist terrorist groups. From the perspective of historical materialism, the crises and contradictions in today＇s European and American society are the manifestation of the inherent laws governing the development of cap- italism. The decline of the elite political tradition in the West and the rise of anti-establishmentistsindicate that new problems in the capitalist system require profound reflection. With the wave of new scientific and technological revo- lution and globalization, the crises and conflicts in the European and American societies tend to promote the trans- formation of the capitalist mode of production and the social transformation. Learning the experience and practices of China＇s reform and opening up, Europe could set off an ideological liberation movementin the whole society and make the necessary changes or improvements to the capitalist development model, political system and social securi- ty system formed after World War II. Today＇s capitalism has crossed the stage of imperialism into the era of social capitalism, with the features ofpowerful state monopoly capitalism providing the institutional guarantee for the capi- talist societies in Europe and the United States to deal with the crisis and resolve conflicts. The historical experience of the development of capitalist countries shows that the massive middle class is the backbone of social stability and peaceful transformation. The shrinkage of the middle class in today＇s European and American societies has added variables to the resolution of social crises. Therefore, to expand and strengthen the middle class should be a connota- tion of socialism with Chinese characteristics.