底层式“望子成龙”——劳动阶层父母教育期望的内容与特点

The Hope of Low-class People for Their Children to Have a Bright Future——Content and Characteristics of Educational Expectations of Working Class Parents

教育是劳动阶层实现向上社会流动的重要途径。已有研究表明,教育期望对学生的学业成就具有促进作用。本研究选取4位劳动阶层大学生为研究对象,通过叙事研究的方式搜集资料。研究发现,劳动阶层"望子成龙"的教育期望对于子女的学业发展和生活机会具有特殊的教育影响。父母对子女学业、学历、职业和生活这四个方面寄予厚望,希望他们"好好读书、考上好大学、找到好工作、过上好生活",教育期望的四个内容之间相互联系,具有条件性、连续性和整体性意义。劳动阶层教育期望以改善基本生计为核心,能激发子女改变命运的动力,但缺乏对子女个人理想的关注,其对子女的教育期望呈现出工具理性取向、实用主义取向和家庭主义取向的阶层特征。

Education is an important way for the working class to realize an upward social mobility.Previous researches have shown that educational expectations play a simulative role for students ＇academic achievements. This study uses the narrative research method to collect the data of four university students from the working class. The findings show that working-class parents＇ educational expectations for their children have a special effect on their academic development and opportunities in life. Parents have great expectations on children＇s school work,school records,career and life,hoping them to ＂study hard,enter a good university,find a good job and live a better life＂. The four expectations are conditional,continuous,holistic and related with each other. The core of the four expectations is to improve the basic means of livelihood,which can stimulate students＇ motivation to change their fate,but they also lack concern for their personal ideals,having the class characteristics of being oriented to instrumental rationality,utilitarianism and family.