高技术制造业对大气污染物减排的贡献度——以天津为例

Contribution of High-tech Manufacturing to Emission Reduction of Air Pollutants——Taking Tianjin as an Example

基于广义的低碳经济视角,将能源消耗强度低于制造业的平均水平作为筛选高技术制造业的标准之一,在界定高技术制造业基础上,采用基于投入产出表的结构分解技术对天津市各产业部门在消耗能源过程中排放的二氧化硫、氮氧化物和PM2.5一次源等主要污染物进行了结构分解分析,研究了各种污染物排放强度、技术水平和最终需求变动各自的影响,并据此测算了高技术制造业对这些污染物减排的贡献度。研究发现,通用、专用设备制造业,电气机械和器材制造业,通信设备、计算机和其他电子设备制造业对这几种主要污染物的减排做出了重要贡献,仪器仪表制造业对减排的贡献相对较小,而交通运输设备制造业对这几种主要污染物的排放量都在显著增加,化学产品加工业对氮氧化物的排放量也有所增加。通过原因分析,提出了一些具有针对性的政策建议。

Based on the generalized perspective of low-carbon economy,the article takes energy consumption intensity which lower than the average level of manufacturing industry as one of the standard for screening high-tech manufacturing. On the basis of proper definition of high-tech manufacturing,the IO-SDA decomposition technology is used for structural decomposition analysis to all sectors＇ major pollutants in Tianjin,which discharge in the process of energy consumption,such as sulfur dioxide,nitrogen oxide and primary PM2. 5. It studies the effects of the change of pollutant emission intensity,technical level and final demands on all sectors＇ pollutant emissions,and calculates the contribution degree of high technology manufacturing to emission reduction of these pollutants. The results show that universal and special equipment manufacturing,electric machinery and equipment manufacturing and communication equipment,computers and other electric equipment manufacturing make the important contribution to emission reduction of these major pollutants. However,measuring instrument manufacturing＇s contribution to the reduction is relatively small; transportation equipment manufacturing has a significant increase in emissions of these major pollutants; chemical products processing industry has also increased the amount of nitrogen oxide. Finally,the article analyzes the reasons,and puts forward some targeted policy recommendations.