超导限流器基本概念和发展趋势

Fundamentals and prospective of superconducting fault current limiters

超导限流器是多年以来人们在超导电力技术领域的研究焦点之一,也是被认为最有可能率先实现工业化应用的超导电力设备。本文在介绍超导限流器的基本概念、组成要素和功能特点的基础上,讨论了超导限流器设计和应用相关的一些重要技术参数和性能指标。文章还较系统地分析了电阻型和饱和铁心型两种目前发展水平较高的超导限流器的工作原理和应用情况,并比较了两者的优缺点。随着性能的进一步完善,可靠性和可用性的进一步提高,超导限流器有可能成为理想的电网短路故障限流装置。作者期待在不远的将来超导限流器会在各种电网中得到广泛的应用,并由此推动电网的深刻技术革命。

Superconducting fault current limiters have been one the focuses of studies in power applications of superconductivity for a number of years and are considered as the most promising device leading the commercialization of superconducting power equipment. This article introduces the fundamental concepts,key components and functional characteristics of superconducting fault current limiters. Key parameters and specifications relevant to the design and application of a superconducting fault current limiter are also discussed. Two types of today＇s most recognized superconducting fault current limiters,resistive one and saturated iron core one,are systematically analyzed and compared in their working principles,application status,advantages and disadvantages. With further improvement in functional performance,usability and reliability,a superconducting fault current limiter is able to become an ideal fault current limiting device. It is highly expected that superconducting fault current limiters will be widely used in various power grids in the near future,promoting a deep technical revolution for the power grids.