现代民政视角下的老年社会救助研究

Study on the Social Assistance for the Aged from the View of Modern Civil Administration

现代社会救助虽是对传统社会救助的继承和发展,具有某些共同点,但更有许多不同点。中国近年来陆续出台了一些保障老年人基本生活和解决其特殊困难的政策措施,为处于缺衣少食境地的老年人提供了基本生活资料,使其免于饥饿、冻馁之苦,保障其基本生存。在家庭养老为主情况下,老年人背后的家庭经济状态不佳是中国老年贫困最为核心的问题。本文在对老年贫困及其成因进行分析的基础上,指出在人口老龄化加速及社会大转型的宏观背景下,中国老年贫困应通过加强社会救助工作,依照国情与国力,努力从"补缺型福利""救济型福利"向"普惠型福利""发展型福利"社会迈进。

As the inheritance and development of the traditional social assistance, modern social assistance bears similarities with its traditional counterpart but still differs from it in many aspects. These years in China,new policies securing the elderly＇s basic living and solving their special problems have been introduced,securing living of the aged in rural areas and saving them from hunger and cold. Under the family-oriented aged policy, the most important issue in Chinese aged welfare is the low income of the families with aged people. Based on the analysis of the reason for poverty among aged people, the paper points out that with the society aging and transferring faster and faster, China must improve its social assistance. It must turn from ＂compensated＂ and ＂assistance＂ welfare to ＂generalized＂ and ＂development＂ welfare.