地震救援现场应急通信体系研究

Research on Emergency Communication System for Earthquake Rescue Site

近年来全球发生的历次大地震都把震后救援和黄金72小时放在首位,但是地震灾区的通信及网络环境极为复杂,常规的网络接入模式在灾害发生时很难保证现场与后方指挥决策部门的实时数据及通信传输。根据近年来发生的严重破坏性地震,尤其是汶川、玉树等地震的灾后救援情况和带来的破坏情况,针对地震现场的具体通信状况以及地震救援现场的网络通信需求,对如何确保地震现场的通信系统能够畅通,以保证前、后方决策部门之间通信无堵塞的问题,以及地震现场应急通信的几种关键技术进行研究,并提出自己的观点和见解。同时针对国内、外震灾后应急通信系统不同的组成方式和技术手段进行研究,并从救援现场信息流量、应急通信网络架构和指挥中心等方面对系统进行分析。

The 72-hour post-earthquake rescue period have been a matter of priority in recent major earthquakes.The communication and network environments at the earthquake site are extremely complicated,so the conventional network access mode has difficulty guaranteeing realtime data and communication transmission from the site to the rear command center.In this study,based on the post-disaster relief work and damage caused by several destructive earthquakes in recent years,and the Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes in particular,we analyzed several key emergency communication technologies for application to earthquake rescue sites and make recommendations on how to ensure effective communication at earthquake sites.We also studied the emergency communication system with respect to information flow at the rescue site,the emergency communication network,and the command center.