浙南典型通海流域鳌江干流及河口近海鱼类多样性研究

Study of Diversity of Fish in the Trunk Stream and Estuarine Coastal of Aojiang River,Zhejiang Province

2014—2016年对鳌江流域干流和河口近海鱼类多样性进行调查,共采集到鱼类108种(含亚种),隶属于16目42科97属,其中干流55种(含亚种),河口及近海63种(含亚种),干流和河口均出现的有9种;结合文献资料,鳌江共记载有鱼类119种(含亚种),隶属于16目43科100属。鳌江干流鱼类群落多度大于1%的种类有11种,前5位依次是宽鳍鱲、子陵吻鰕虎鱼、中华花鳅、麦穗鱼、鲫鱼,多度小于0.1%的有25种;河口近海鱼类群落多度大于1%的种类有14种,前5位依次是拉氏狼牙鰕虎鱼、棘头梅童鱼、中华栉孔鰕虎鱼、龙头鱼、中国花鲈,多度小于0.1%的有33种。以种类数及其多样性指数分析,表明鳌江干流鱼类种类多样性一般,河口近海较高。鳌江流域鱼类生态类型多样,鱼类群落定居性与洄游性分布比例差异不大,其营养结构以肉食性与杂食性种类为主。过度捕捞、河口水体污染、航道整治、无序挖沙等因素是影响鳌江鱼类群落变动、威胁鱼类生物多样性的主要原因。

The diversity of fish in the trunk stream and estuarine coastal of Aojiang River was investigated from 2014 to 2016. A total of 108 species（subspecies included） have been collected, which belong to 97 genres, 42 families, 16 orders. Among them, 55 species （subspecies included） was from trunk stream, 63 species （subspecies included） was from estuary coastal, and 9 species was found in both these two places. A total of 119 species（subspecies included） have been recorded, which belong to 100 genres, 43 families, 16 orders. In trunk stream, there were 11 fish species whose community abundance were above 1% , of which the top 5 were Zacco platypus, Rhinogobius giurinus, Cobitis sinensis, Pseudorasbora parva and Carassius auratus, however, there were 25 species less than 0. 1% ; In estuarine coastal, there were 14 fish species whose community abundance were above 1% , of which the top 5 were Odontamblyopus rubicundus, Collichthys lucidus, Ctenotry- pauchen chinensis, Bombay duck and Lateolabrax maculatus, however, there were 33 species less than 0. 1% . The number of species and di-versity indices was analyzed, and the result showed that the diversity of fish species in the trunk stream was general, and the diversity in estu-arine was higher. The fishes in Aojiang basin whose nutritional structure was mainly carnivorous and omnivorous had a variety of ecological types, and the distribution proportion between fish community stability and migration had little difference. Overfishing, water pollution, chan-nel improvement, unordered dredging and other factors were the main reasons affecting the Aojiang fish community changes and threating the fish biodiversity.