现代社会正义理论的三种基本进路

Three Gateways to Modern Social Justice Theory

正义是现代政治哲学的重要主题,许多哲学家都曾对现代社会正义问题进行过认真思考,提出了许多卓越的正义理论。其中影响深远的主要有罗尔斯、诺奇克和马克思的正义论。他们的思考代表了现代社会正义论的三种基本进路。罗尔斯的正义论是一种平等正义理论,正义意味着平等,国家的再分配对于社会正义具有十分重要的意义。而诺奇克则反其道而行之,选择了权利和市场,他要求坚决捍卫权利,主张市场是社会资源配置的最关键因素,排斥国家的再分配。马克思的正义理论是最卓越的,也是终极性的,它以人的自我实现和社会作为关键词,认为真正的正义就是人的自我实现需要的满足。

Justice,as a vital topic in modern political philosophy,has been discussed and studied in terms of its role in modern society by many philosophers who raised excellent theories,especially represented by Rawls,Nozick and Marx. Their thoughts embodied three gateways to modern social justice theory. Rawls' justice was a theory of equality and justice,justice meant equality,and the redistribution of a country was of great significance to social justice. Nozick,however,went along the opposite way and embraced rights and markets against the redistribution of a country,highlighting the market is the key to social resources allocation.The most outstanding and ultimate theory of justice belongs to Marx who marked the self-realization and society as the key words and held the true justice remained man's satisfaction of his own realization.