论中国轻罪制度建构的依据与程序构想

Chinese Misdemeanor System: Its Establishing Basis and Procedure Proposition

蚁穴理论即防微杜渐理论应成为我国轻罪制度建构的理论依据:只有将轻微犯罪这一破坏法治的"蚁穴"通过建构轻罪制度予以堵塞,才能避免现实中诸多危害社会的行为继续蔓延、真正实现犯罪预防;建构轻罪制度有利于形成"小恶也是罪"的犯罪观。我国刑法虽无轻罪重罪的划分,但在条文中有轻罪重罪的思想体现,许多学者也提出了建构轻罪制度的主张。刑法修正案将非法提供、获取公民信息,组织未成年人进行盗窃、诈骗等违反治安管理活动,追逐竞驶、醉酒驾驶等行为规定为轻罪,以及司法解释降低盗窃、敲诈勒索、寻衅滋事、抢夺等犯罪入罪标准,从不同角度证明了我国建构轻罪制度具有可靠的现实基础。国外有关立法可资借鉴,刑事诉讼法也应配套建构轻罪快审程序。

Ant hole theory,that is,the doctrine stressing the precautious measures beforehand,should come to the theoretical basis of building our misdemeanor system. Only by blocking such minor crime that undermines the rule of law ' nest' through the construction of misdemeanor system,could we avoid the spreading various of harmful conducts and prevent crimes; construction of misdemeanor system is conducive to the formation of ' little evil is a sin' the concept of crime. There are no such classifications of crimes,but the minor or major classes have presented in each article of law and many scholars proposed the suggestion of setting up misdemeanor system. The criminal law amendment will define as a misdemeanor the behaviors concerning the illegal access to information of citizens,organizing the minors to commit theft,fraud and other violations of security regulations,such as chase race driving,drunken driving,and judicial interpretation for decreasing crime conviction standard,reduce theft,affray,blackmail. From different perspectives,the author proves that the Chinese construction of misdemeanor system be realistic and reliable. With the relevant foreign legislation for reference,criminal litigation law should be supported by forming the procedure of fast misdemeanor.