苗族“敲巴郎”仪式的社会性别特征——以黔中B寨为例

The Gender Characteristics of the Hmong "Knock Ba Lang" Ceremony——A Case Study of B Village in Qianzhong

"敲巴郎"是苗族最重要的仪式文化,黔中B寨"敲巴郎"祭祀的祖先男女性别平等、比例相当。祭祀活动为寨中男女共同参加,但性别角色差异明显,其中,仪式过程由男性操持,不仅全程参与,而且祭祖环节只由男性操作。女性的参与虽然主要在非祭祖活动仪式的其他过程及姑家做客的邀请、人情接待与关系连接,但仪式中多次选用带有女性符号的"物"的现象,表明了女性地位在仪式过程中既被肯定又被隐藏的交织与尴尬,一定程度上折射出了黔中苗族社会传统文化与性别观念之间的关系及其影响。

＂Knock Ba Lang＂ is the most important ritual culture of the Hmong, Qianzhong B Village ＂knock Ba Lang＂ sacrificeancestors male and female gender equality, the same proportion. The men and women in the village together to participate in ritual ac-tivities, but the gender roles are different. Among them, the ritual process by the male control, not only the whole process, and the an-cestral link only by the male operation. Although the participation of women in the non-sacrifice activities of the ritual of the otherprocess and the invitation of the guest, the relationship between the reception and the relationship between the connection. But theceremony many times with the female symbol of the ＂material＂ phenomenon, indicating that the status of women in the ritual processhas been both certainly and hidden intertwined and embarrassing. To a certain extent, reflects the Hmong in Qianzhong society tradi-tional culture and the relationship between the concept of gender and its impact.