2种磷水平下大豆种质资源品质性状的遗传差异分析

Analysis of Genetic Variation of Soybean Germplasm Resources under Two Phosphorus Levels

【目的】研究了大豆蛋白质、脂肪性状的遗传变异以及部分环境因子的影响,为提高中国南方大豆的产量和品质提供种质资源和理论依据。【方法】选择中国不同来源地的335份大豆种质资源材料,于2015-2016年在云南省峨山县缺磷红壤上设置不施磷肥(LP)和表层土壤施普钙(160 kg/hm^2,HP)试验,测定蛋白质和脂肪含量等关键指标。【结果】2年中大豆种质资源的蛋白质含量变异最大,其次是油分含量,而蛋白质+脂肪含量变异最小,三者的变异系数分别为5.35%、5.21%和2.86%;高磷、低磷条件下蛋白质变异幅度分别为34.78%~49.32%和33.98%~50.24%,油分含量分别为17.24%~23.43%和14.68%~23.22%;年际间蛋白质性状变异较大,高磷、低磷条件下变异系数分别为5.34%和5.07%,而油分含量则相对较为稳定,分别为4.95%和4.96%;高纬度地区大豆的粗脂肪含量较高,而低纬度地区大豆品种的蛋白质含量较高;在野生种向半野生种、栽培种的演化过程,具有粗蛋白含量逐渐降低、粗脂肪含量逐渐升高,蛋白质与脂肪含量则先变高然后再降低的趋势;增施磷肥有助于大豆粗蛋白含量提高,但会显著降低粗脂肪的含量;生长期内缺水对蛋白质含量的影响较大。【结论】大豆品质性状主要受遗传因素控制,但磷养分和降水等环境因素也有重要作用。研究结果为提高南方大豆产量和蛋白质性状提供了重要理论依据。

【Objective】The genetic variation of soybean protein and fat traits and a part of environmental influence to genetic variation were studied. This study would provide germplasm resources and theoretical basis in improving the yield and quality of soybean in south China.【Method】335 soybean materials were choose from different source in China. And we sowed them in red soil lacking phosphorus where we did not provide phosphorus fertilizer（ LP） but provide surface-soil calcium（ 160 kg/hm^2,HP） in Eshan County,Yunnan province,in 2015-2016. Then we determined the key indicators such as the content of protein and oil. 【Results】After 2 years,protein content variation of the soybean germplasm resources was the largest,followed by oil content,protein ＋ oil content variation,and the variation coefficient of which was 5. 35 %,5. 21 % and 2. 86 %,respectively. Under the condition of high phosphorus and low phosphorus,the protein variation amplitude was 34. 78 %-49. 32 % and 33. 98 %-49. 32 %,oil content was 17. 24 %-23. 43 % and 23. 43 %-14. 68 %,respectively.Protein traits between interannual variations were larger,and the variation coefficient was 5. 34 % and 5. 07 % respectively under the condition of high phosphorus and low phosphorus. The oil content was relatively stable,and the variation coefficient was 4. 95 % and 4. 96 %,respectively. Crude fat content of soybean planted in high latitudes was higher,and higher protein content of soybean varieties in low latitudes. In the evolution process from wild to half wild to cultivated,the content of crude protein gradually decreased,the crude fat content gradually increased,protein and fat content gradually increased firstly and then decreased. Phosphate could increase the crude protein content in soybean,but significantly reduce the content of crude fat. The water shortage had a relatively strong impact on the protein content in growth period.【Conclusion】Soybean quality traits were mainly controlled by genetic factors,but phosphorus nutrition and precipitation and other environmental factors also played an important role. The results of the study provided an important theoretical basis in improving the south soybean yield and grain protein traits.