满天星染色体制片技术优化及多倍体诱导

Optimization of Chromosome Sectioning Technique and Polyploidy Induction in Gypsophila paniculata

【目的】研究满天星染色体鉴定方法,在对主栽品种进行染色体鉴定的基础上探讨满天星多倍体育种的可行性。【方法】以满天星品种‘云星75’组培苗的根尖和茎尖为试验材料,利用压片法比较不同材料、不同预处理方法对满天星染色体制片效果的影响,并对4个满天星主栽品种进行染色体倍性鉴定,还以二倍体品种‘千万星’为材料进行了多倍体诱导试验。【结果】采用对二氯苯对组培苗茎尖预处理4 h是满天星最适合的染色体制片方法,‘云星75’、‘繁星’、‘日出’为四倍体(4n=68),‘千万星’为二倍体(2n=34);用0.05%的秋水仙碱浸泡处理‘千万星’茎段48 h,多倍体诱导率最高,可达16%。【结论】采用染色体加倍技术培育满天星多倍性新品种是可行的。

【Objective】The purpose of this research was to study the identification method of chromosome number for Gypsophila paniculata,and explore the possibility of polyploidy breeding based on the identification of chromosome number for currently cultivated cultivars. 【Method】The root tips and stem tips of in vitro plantlets of gypsophila paniculata‘Yun Xing 75＇were used as materials to study the effects of different plant materials and pretreatment methods on the chromosomes sectioning by squashing technique,then identification of chromosome ploidy for 4 cultivars of gypsophila paniculata was conducted. Moreover,gypsophila paniculata‘Qian Wan Xing＇,a diploid cultivar,was used as materials to conduct the polyploidy induction. 【Result】The results showed that the in vitro plantlet stem tips pretreated with p-dichlorobenzene for 4 hours was an optimal method for chromosome sectioning of gypsophila paniculata. ‘Yun Xing 75＇,‘Fan Xing＇and‘Ri Chu＇were tetraploid（ 4 n = 68）,and‘Qian Wan Xing＇was diploid（ 2 n = 34）. With the method that stem segments of‘Qian Wan Xing＇were soaked with 0. 05 % colchicine for 48 hours,polyploidy induction rate was highest,reaching to 16 %. 【Conclusion】Polyploidy breeding was reasonable for gypsophila paniculata by chromosome doubling.