纬度和海拔二维因素对云南烤烟农艺性状的影响

Effects of Latitude and Altitude on Agronomic Traits of Flue-cured Tobacco in Yunnan

【目的】云南烤烟种植分布广泛,纬度和海拔的分布可能导致烤烟生育期和生长农艺性状的差异,为了探讨不同品种烤烟随纬度、海拔的梯度变化而产生的适应性变化。【方法】本研究通过试验对比云南中烟主栽烤烟品种(云87、K326、红大)在北纬23°~27°、海拔1200~2200 m区域内烤烟农艺性状,分析烤烟生长与纬度、海拔分布之间的关系。【结果】随着纬度增加,不同品种烤烟的生育期、叶片数、叶面积、产量均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,北纬25°烤烟农艺性状表现好。海拔分布主要影响烤烟生长的前期阶段,不同海拔分布下,烤烟农艺性状总体表现为中海拔>高海拔>低海拔。【结论】综合研究表明,云南烟区北纬24°~26°适宜烤烟生长,其中北纬25°中海拔烤烟农艺性状表现最好,具有生产高端烟叶潜力。

【Objective】Flue-cured tobacco had been widely planted in Yunnan province. The distribution of the latitude and altitude could cause significant difference of growth stages and agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco. The papers reviewed and analyzed on major tobacco＇s varieties adaptability with the latitude and altitude gradient change. 【Method】A series of experiments had been set to investigate agronomic traits of Yunyan87,K326,Hong Da,major tobacco cultivar in Yunnan province with 23°-27° north latitude and 1200-2200 m elevation.【Result】The results showed that with the latitude increasing,tobacco＇s growth stage,number of leaves,leaf area and the yield of main cultivated varieties was in the trend of first increased then decreased. Mainly tobacco cultivated varieties had better agronomy character around 25° north latitude. The effect of altitudinal patterns was greatly on the earlier stage of growth periods of tobacco. The reducing order of agronomic traits was at moderate altitude area high altitude area low altitude area. 【Conclusion】Integrated study indicated that 24°-26°north latitude was adaptable range with the optimum traits of 25° north latitude. The overall potential for high-end tobacco was forecast to improve dramatically in the region of 25° north latitude.