不同饲料饲养黄牛瘤胃厌氧真菌的多样性对比研究

Evaluation of Fungal Diversity in Rumen of Yellow Cattle (Bos taurus) Fed Miscanthus sinensis or Common Mixed Feedstuff

【目的】探究不同饲料饲养黄牛瘤胃厌氧真菌多样性的差异,了解芒草单一饲料饲养时瘤胃中特殊的真菌种类。【方法】通过构建芒草单一喂养、混合饲料饲养的黄牛瘤胃微生物18S r RNA基因文库,来对比分析单一饲喂芒草对瘤胃厌氧真菌多样性的影响。【结果】发现持续喂养18个月后,混合饲料饲养牛瘤胃真菌包含的种类较分散,无明显的优势类别,而芒草单一喂养牛瘤胃真菌包含的种类相对集中,主要集中在Orpinomyces sp.,Piromyces sp.,Neocallimastix frontalis,Microdochium sp.几种。【结论】使用芒草单一饲养确实改变了黄牛瘤胃中真菌的组成,并且其中优势真菌类群很可能与芒草的降解有密切关系,为今后开发瘤胃微生物资源在生物能源方面的利用奠定基础。

【Objective】This study aimed to detect whether Miscanthus sinensis could increase the special population of rumen fibrolitic fungi.【Methods】The experiment was conducted by constructing two 18 S r RNA gene libraries using ruminal samples from yellow cattle fed with either common mixed feedstuff（ group C） or M. Sinensis（ group M）,and the diversity of ruminal fungi in the rumens of cattle of both groups was identified. 【Results】Based on the comparative analysis of these two groups,the fungal composition in group C/M was found to be： there were Orpinomyces sp.,Sarocladium zeae,Aspergillus niger,Piromyces sp.,Alternaria alternata,Candida castellii,Ascomycota sp.,Gibellulopsis nigrescens,Neosartorya udagawae in rumen of mixed forage feeding cattle,in contrast,the species in rumen of Miscanthus sinensis feeding cattle was concentrated relatively： Orpinomyces sp.,Piromyces sp.,Neocallimastix frontalis,Microdochium sp..【Conclusion】Feeding cattle with M. sinensis will change the fungal composition in the rumen; the increased fungi may be responsible for digesting M. sinensis,which will benefit us in further screening of potentially valuable bio-enzymes.