河南省农业经营现状、问题及最优规模研究——基于豫西南11县(市)217户问卷调查

Research on the Current Situation,Problems and the Optimal Scale of Agricultural Business Operation in Henan Province——Based on the Questionnaire Survey of 217 Households in 11 Counties (Cities) in Southwest Henan Province

农地规模化经营是推进河南乃至全国实现农业现代化和全面建成小康社会的必由之路。对豫西南11县(市)217家农户农业经营现状的调研发现:农户种植小麦的平均规模约7.2亩,超过10亩的农户占比不足30%,几乎所有的承包大户很少甚至完全没有获得所租用土地的相关农业补贴,且土地流转期限较短(集中于2~4年),相关合同不规范,土地流转不畅。农地经营规模严重偏小,导致亩均劳动投入对单产的弹性系数显著为负(弹性系数-0.067);亩均资本投入严重不足(弹性系数0.711),亦即豫西南农地经营的劳动投入过度,人均土地规模远未达到最优水平。基于农户视角,通过建立农地流转供需函数,测得豫西南农地流转市场出清时的土地流转价格约为689.4元/亩,流转土地户均0.79亩。因此,应适当调整农地的政府补贴制度,规范农地流转市场,着力推进以农地流转为基础的规模化经营战略。

In order to promote the realization of agriculture modernization in Henan province or even in whole China, and build up the well - off society in an all around way, it is necessary to carry out the large - scale opera-tion of farmland. After investigating the current agricultural management of 217 households in 11 counties （cities） in southwest Henan province, we have the following findings ： the average scale of growing wheat per peasant house-hold is about 7. 2 acres; those peasant households who have more than 10 acres of land occupy only less than 30% of all the households; nearly all the large contractors get only little of relevant agricultural allowances or even not at all for the land they have hired; the term of land transfer is quite short （about 2 -4 years） ; the relative contracts are not standard; and the land transfer is not smooth. The scale of agricultural operation is too small that the elastic coefficient of the labor input per acre to the per unit yield is remarkably negative （ the elastic coefficient is -0.067） ; the invest of capital per acre is also deficient（ the elastic coefficient is 0.711） , which means that the labor input is excessive in the agricultural management in the Southwest Henan province, and the average landscale per capita is far from reaching the optimal level. Based upon the view of farmers, and through the establish-ment of supply and demand function for the cropland circulation it has been estimated that the clearing price of land circulation, in the cropland circulation market in the southwest Henan province, is about 689. 4 Yuan RMBper acre, and the average circulation land per household is about 0. 79 acre. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust properly the system of government allowance about farmland, regulate the farmland circulation market, and promote the strategy of large - scale operation based on the farmland circulation.