周先祖公刘迁豳与公刘祭典的几个问题

Several Problems about the Progenitor of Zhou Dynasty-Gongliu's Moving Place and Memorial Ceremony

公刘是周祖远古首领,中国农耕文化的开拓者。甘肃庆阳市西峰区温泉乡刘家店西庄庙嘴村有公刘庙遗址,当地人叫"老公殿",现有三个遗址,从南向北排列为清代、唐代、西周,每两个相邻遗址相距30米,可证公刘庙在西周就已经存在。2003年,中国民俗学会命名老公殿为"华夏公刘第一庙"。清乾隆年间编制行政区划,此地名"周都里",因而从先周文化的众多遗址的分布范围推测:今天庆阳市西峰区公刘庙所在地周围为传说的"公刘迁豳"的落脚点,也是公刘躬耕稼穑之地。公刘在农耕文化方面的贡献主要是改善生产工具、培育新的农作物品种,完成了原始农业走向农耕文明的转型。

Gongliu was the leader and ancestor of Zhou dynasty in ancient time, and he was also the pioneer for Chinese farming culture. There exists the relics of Gongliu temple, which is called “Laogong Hall” by local people, in Miaozui village, and the concrete address of which is Mialzui village, Xizhuang, Liujiadian, Wenquan county, Xifeng area, Qingyang city , Gansu province. Now there exist three places of the relics, about 30 meters apart between each two of them, and from the south to the north each of them was made respectively in Qing dynasty, Tang dynasty, and Xizhou dynasty. This relics proves that Gongliu temple had already existed as early as in Xizhou dynasty. In 2003 , China folklore society named Laogong Hall as ”the First Temple for Gongliu in China ”. According to the administrative division made in Qianlong period of Qing dynasty, this place was named“ Zhou Du- li” at that time, and we can infer from the distribution of the numerous relics of Pre Zhou Culture that the place a-round Gongliu temple in Xifeng area of Qingyang city, is actually the foothold of the legend “Gongliu’s moving place”, and also where Gongliu did farm work and cultivated crops. Gongliu had done great contribution for the farming culture. He improved the tools of production, cultivated the new varieties of crop, and finished the transfor-mation from primitive agriculture into agricultural civilization.