《老子》第三十六章新研

A New Research on Lao Zi Section 36

《老子》第36章是集合两组谚语构成的,老子自身的话其实只有"是谓微明,柔弱胜刚强"一句。这些谚语的原意与权谋论相关,战国秦汉之际结合时代需求将《老子》第36章朝权谋论方向作出解释与发明,实际上沿用的是谚语本意。辨证观念和反向思维虽然是第36章的思想基础之一,但非论述的重点,将此视为第36章主旨是错误的。上段谚语的引用旨在说明通过"微明"可以导致积极的结果,下段谚语的引用旨在说明通过"微明"可以避免消极的结果,这些都是"柔弱"胜于"刚强"的体现。《文子·微明》的出现,说明老子"微明"的观念在后世得到了更大的推广和阐发。

Section 36 of the book Lao Zi uses two different proverbs, using Lao Zi's own words there is only onesentence used, 'This is called hidden signs, gentle and weak beats hard and strong'. The regional meaning of theseproverbs had to do with political strategy, from the Warring states period until the Qin and Han dynasties inaccordance with the needs of the time the political strategy meaning of the Lao Zi section 36 proverb was often usedin descriptions and explanations. But in actuality they were using the original meaning of the proverb. Even though thelaw of contradiction and opposite thinking is the basis of thought in Lao Zi section 36, but it is not the main focusand this thought process is incorrect. The purpose of the use of the first part of the proverb is to explain by using'hidden signs' there will be a positive outcome, the purpose of the third part of the proverb is to explain by using'hidden signs' negative results can be avoided. These all show the meaning of 'gentle and weak beats hard andstrong'. The book Wen Zi·Hidden Signs explains the later thoughts of Lao Zi's 'hidden signs' had a greater outreachand development.