陶渊明《归园田居》诗及其前后

Tao Yuanming's Return to Nature and Its Context

陶渊明对农耕的态度随人生阅历而变化。早年,陶渊明对农耕没有感情,其作品主要是鼓励农民好好耕种。随后居丧期间,陶渊明参加了一些农业劳动,逐步体会到田野之美,对农耕的态度亦有所变化。彻底弃官回乡以后,陶渊明全身心投入到田园隐居生活,其最优美的田园组诗《归园田居》则是作于此时,其中不仅描写景物,反映生活,而且颇含哲理。晚年,陶渊明的田园诗更多地描写农业劳动的辛苦和自己的贫困,明确认同站在孔夫子对立面的一批隐士,表现其思想上的重大突破。同时,陶渊明以自身实际情况表明对农村灾民接受救济问题的看法,其通达程度已经比较接近现代人的观念。

In his early years, Tao Yuanming had no special feelings for farming, but just encouraged farmers tofarm the land. Later his attitude changed after he did some farm work in the period of bereavement, and graduallyrealized the beauty of the fields. At the very beginning of his complete seclusion, he finished a set of pastoral poemstitled Return to Nature, his most beautiful description of natural scenery and rural life, with rich philosophy. In hissubsequent works, more emphasis was put on the hardship of agricultural labor and his personal poverty, in which heidentified himself with a group of hermits in opposition to Confucianism, a clear indication of major breakthrough in histhought. His view on the relief of rural victims, expressed in his last poems, was close to the spirit of modern era.