湖南黄花菜主栽品种的生长发育特性和生物质积累规律

Growth Character and Biomass Accumulation of Major Day-Lily Cultivars in Hunan

在黄花菜的生育季节,以湖南地区主栽的黄花菜品种荆洲花、猛子花、冲牛花、长花大嘴子花和茄子花为研究对象,观察研究了其生长发育特性和生物质积累规律。结果表明:供试黄花菜品种的叶片数、株高和苗数差异较大,株高和出叶速度变化趋势基本一致,随着生长发育而不断变高和加快;而苗数在冬末春初即已基本确定,在后续生长发育阶段不会发生明显变化;不同黄花菜品种全生育期总生物量的差异较大,同一品种不同生育期的生物产量从高到低依次为花蕾期>抽薹期>苗期;但黄花菜的经济系数较低,仅10%左右,远低于水稻等其他农作物,各品种的经济系数从大到小排列依次为长花大嘴子花(12.6%)>茄子花(12.1%)>荆洲花(10.0%)>冲牛花(8.8%)>猛子花(8.7%)。

In order to explore the growth and biomass accumulation rule of seven major day-lily cultivars in Hunan Province, fve of them were observed during their whole growing period. The results showed that the leaf number, plant height and seedling number of the tested day-lily cultivars were quite different among the cultivars. The plant height and leaf emergence rate were basically similar in change trend, and got higher or faster with the day-lily growing. The seedling number increased to a certain amount at the initial stage, but it did not change obviously during the subsequent growth period. The different day-lily cultivars were much different in the total biomass yields of the whole growth period, so was the biomass yield of the same day-lily cultivar at the different growth stages, e.g., that of the blossom bud stage was higher than that of the peduncle growth stage, which was higher than that of the seedling stage. The economic coeffcient of the day-lily was very low at about 10%, those of the different day-lily cultivars were at 8.7% to 12.6%, much lower than those of many other crops such as rice.