城市交通PPP模式的利益失衡及其法治构建

The Legal Construction of PPP Model in Urban Transit

城市交通PPP模式是城市交通基础设施建设的典型投资融资方式,其重点问题是平衡保护各方利益。透过城市交通PPP项目典型案例的观察发现,PPP项目失败大多源自利益的失衡,而对社会资本利益保障的缺失是利益失衡的主要形态,具体表现为对社会资本缺乏吸引力、缺乏对合理回报的保障、缺乏对公益保障的补偿,法治现实中对社会资本利益诉求的歧视则是利益失衡的直接原因。为实现对各方利益的均衡保护,需要正视社会资本利益诉求,基于维持社会资本相同经济地位理念,从鼓励灵活多元的合作方式、构建合理动态的付费机制、完善公益保障补偿机制三个方向入手完善城市交通PPP模式的法治构建。

The PPP model is a typical mode of financing for urban transit infrastructure construction. The focus of the urban transport PPP project is to balance the interests of all parties. The empirical analysis of the typical case shows that interests' imbalance always appears as the lack of protection to private sector's interests. The features of that failure are the lack of attractiveness to the social capital, the lack of guarantee of reasonable return and the lack of compensation for public welfare. And the reason of interests' imbalance is the unfair treatment to private sector's interests. In order to balance the interests of all parties, the private sector's demands should be treated fairly and get more support. Based on the idea of maintain the private sectors' economic status, it will do help to perfect the legal construction of PPP mode in urban transit by encouraging flexible and diversified cooperation mode, constructing reasonable and dynamic payment mechanism and perfecting the public welfare protection compensation mechanism.