免疫系统人源化小鼠模型的研究进展

Research progress of humanized mouse models in immune system

动物模型是生物医学科学研究中所建立的具有人类模拟性表现的动物材料,作为实验假说和临床假说的实验基础,可以缩短研究时间,观察疾病的发生、发展或预防与治疗的全过程,并可在人为控制条件下进行各种实验研究,对各种疾病的相关机制研究有着重要意义。人类的生物医学研究主要受限于生物体复杂性,为了克服这个限制,基于可接受异种移植物的严重联合免疫缺陷(SCID)或重组激活基因(Ragnull)无效小鼠的免疫缺陷特征开发人源化小鼠模型,这些具有人体免疫力的小鼠模型已被广泛用于研究人类免疫生物学的基本原理以及人类疾病的复杂病理的潜在机制。这种方法是促进医学科学发展的重要途径之一,具有实用性和前瞻性。本文将对人源化小鼠模型的应用及研究进展进行综述。

Animal model is an animal material with human mimic performance established in biomedical scientific research. It can be used as experimental basis for studies of experimental hypothesis and clinical hypothesis. It can shorten the research time and observe the whole process of disease occurrence,development or prevention and treatment. Human biomedical research is largely limited by the biological complexity. In order to overcome this limitation,based on the immunosuppressive characteristics of a severely immunodeficient（ SCID） or recombinant activated gene（ Ragnull） in mice,humanized mouse models of human diseases can be established and have been widely used to study the underlying principles of human immunobiology and complex pathological mechanisms of human diseases. This approach has become one of the important ways to promote the development of medical sciences,with practicality and foresight. In this paper,the application and research progress of humanized mouse models are reviewed.