清代乾隆朝察哈尔都统群体特征研究

A Research on the Group Characteristics of Chahar Dutong in the Reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty

察哈尔都统为察哈尔最高军政长官,设于乾隆二十六年(1761年),一直存在到民国初年。乾隆朝察哈尔都统共有10任,实际上是8人,他们不论从旗籍出身、履历特征、任职期限和迁转状况都有独特之处。对他们的研究,一方面有助于了解乾隆朝察哈尔都统的基本状况和共同特征,另一方面也能够反映乾隆朝设置和选用察哈尔都统所秉持的原则,同时能够体现清廷对于察哈尔乃至整个北疆地区统治的重视。

The position of Chahar Dutong,the highest military-political governor in the Chahar area,is first established in the 26^（th） year of Qianlong and has existed until the beginning of the Republic of China.There are eight Chahar Dutong who have served ten terms in the reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty and they have their unique characteristics in their origins,personal records,their tenure and their promotion and transference.The study on them can not only help to understand the general conditions and the common characteristics of Chahar Dutong in the reign of Qianlong but also reveal the criteria of establishing the position and selecting the person.