婴幼儿择期手术前禁食禁饮时间相关研究进展

Review of study on preoperative fasting and water deprivation time in infants and young children undergoing surgical treatment

择期手术患儿术前要求禁食、禁饮,以预防术中反流误吸,以及术中、术后因呕吐物误吸导致窒息的发生。但在实际工作中,如禁饮食时间较长,易造成患儿脱水及低血糖,患儿难以耐受,也不利于其术后恢复。本研究初步探讨了婴幼儿术前禁食禁饮时间过长的原因,并对缩短术前禁食禁饮时间可行性的相关研究进行综述。

Infants and young children undergoing are required to take fasting and water deprivation before surgical treatment,in order to prevent aspiration resulting from esophageal reflux.The fasting and water deprivation before anesthesia can also help to prevent asphyxia by mechanical disruption or obstruction from vomitus.However,the relatively long duration of preoperative fasting and water deprivation time may lead to dehydration and hypoglycemia in pediatric patients,also reducing the operation tolerance and damaging the postoperative rehabilitation.This study summarized the potential reasons of long duration of preoperative fasting and water deprivation time,and to reviewthe study on feasibility of shortening preoperative fasting and water deprivation time.