社会化媒体与大数据视野下的城市社区治理

Urban Community Governance from the Perspective of Social Media and Big Data

在我国,政府管理、合作治理和居民自治这社区治理三种模式都不同程度地存在着社区共同体与治理主体缺失,政府和社区居民间沟通不畅,政府监管难以到位等共性难题。社会化媒体与大数据的出现为上述治理难题的解决提供了新的思路和方向:一是社会化媒体所特有的聚合性,有助于在现代城市社区中建立社区共同体以及信息化的社区公共服务平台。二是社会化媒体在社区治理中的广泛应用会产生大量反映特定社会关系与社区需求的数据信息,政府可以应用计算社会科学方法来分析和挖掘社会化媒体大数据,这不仅可以及时把握和回应社区热点问题,便捷高效地进行监管,而且可以化解社会化媒体所建构起来的网络公共领域政治化的治理风险。

In China,there are three modes of community governance： government management,cooperative governance and residents autonomous management. They share some common problems such as the absence of a real social community and a governance agent,the poor communication between government and residents and loose governmental supervision. Social media and big data may help to solve such problems. The unique aggregation of social media is helpful to establish a social community and an informationized public service platform in modern city. Meanwhile,the wide application of social media in community governance will produce a large number of data that reflect specific social relations and specific needs of the community. The government can analyze and explore social media big data by using computational methods in social science. Therefore,we can not only grasp and respond to heated issues in the community so as to provide convenient and efficient supervision,but also resolve the governance risk of the politicalization in the network public space constructed by social media.