塑造党国之民:抗战前南京国民政府对党旗、国旗的政治运用

Cultivating the People of the Party and the Nation-state:The Political Application of the Party Flag and National Flag by the Nanjing National Government before the Anti-Japanese War

党旗、国旗作为代表政党和国家的政治符号,具有凝聚人心和塑造认同的功用,也是政党和政府进行权力运作与正当化自身统治的工具。南京国民政府建立后,国民党以党旗代国旗,党旗、国旗都是国民党的政治符号。在南京国民政府初期,国民党对党旗、国旗进行规范,阐释党旗、国旗的象征意义以正当化自身的统治,并利用国家机器将这些政治符号推广到全国,通过悬挂旗帜、"向党旗国旗行三鞠躬礼"的党国仪式和讲述旗帜意义及历史等方式,对人民进行身体上的规训和意识形态上的"洗脑",希望人民通过认同这些政治符号来认同国民党的意识形态及其政权。不过,在当时的政治社会条件下,国民党试图以党旗、国旗这些政治符号来建构政治认同的效果是有限的。

A party flag is a symbol of a party,and a national flag a nation-state. They can be used to unit people and shape identity. They are also tools for a political party and a government to conduct their power and justify their rule. After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government,the KMT（ Kuomintang） designed the national flag based on its party flag,and both ofthem were political symbols of the KMT. In the early period of the Nanjing National Government,the KMT elucidated the symbolic meaning of the flags to justify their rule,and utilized the state apparatus to promote these political symbols nationwide. Meanwhile,the KMT implemented physical discipline and ideological＂brainwash＂by means of hanging the flags,conducting the party-state ceremony of ＂bowing three times to the party and national flags＂and promoting the significance and history of the flags.The KMT expected that people would recognize its ideology and regime by accepting these political symbols. However,under the political and social condition of that time,the KMT＇s efforts to construct political identity with these political symbols were not effective at all.