创新投入、产业集聚与开发区绩效——来自上海市开发区的经验证据

Innovation Investment,Industrial Agglomeration and the Performance of a Development Zone:Empirical Evidence from the Development Zone in Shanghai

开发区作为改革开放的试验田,为中国经济增长做出了重要贡献。但随着经济增速逐渐放缓,"新常态"下,开发区以往采取的要素驱动型增长模式将难以为继。如何转变发展方式,实现转型升级从而在未来继续保持增长是目前开发区亟待解决的问题。在此背景下,从创新投入和产业集聚角度出发,基于上海市开发区2009—2015年的普查数据,分析不同因素对开发区绩效的影响,结果发现,增强创新投入和产业集聚效应是提高开发区产值、利润等绩效的重要途径,并且发展阶段越高的园区,创新投入和产业集聚的作用越大,而基础设施建设和吸引外资对开发区转型升级的作用相对较小。因此,制定政策鼓励创新,大力提升优势产业的集聚效应,是当前上海市开发区实现转型升级的主要突破口。

As experimental fields,development zones have made important contributions to China＇s economic growth. However,with the economic development gradually slowed down under the＂new normal＂circumstance,the factor-driven growth model will be difficult to sustain for a development zone. It is urgent for a development zone to maintain growth in the future by achieving upgrading in the transformation of development mode. Based on the Shanghai Development Zone 2009—2015 census data,this paper analyzes the impact of different factors on the performance of the development zone from the perspective of innovation investment and industrial agglomeration. The result shows that improving the input of innovation and the effect of industrial agglomeration is an important way to improve the output value and profit of the development zone. The higher is the development stage,the greater is the effect of innovation investment and industrial agglomeration. The effect of the construction of infrastructure and the attraction of foreign investment on the development zone is relatively small. Therefore,to achieve development and upgrade,the development zone in Shanghai today should mainly encourage innovation and strengthen the agglomeration effect of the dominant industry.