供水方式及灌溉水质对玉米苗期影响研究

Study on Influences of Different Irrigation Ways and Water Qualities on Maize Seeding-Forming Rate and State in Seeding Stage

为了合理开发利用浅层微咸水,有效缓解淡水资源不足的问题,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同供水方式(交替灌、混灌)、不同灌溉水矿化度(1.7、3.0、4.0、5.0 g/L)对玉米出苗率及幼苗生长状况的影响。结果表明:随着灌溉水矿化度的增大,玉米的出苗时间变长,出苗进程变缓,出苗率降低,对玉米苗期的各项生长指标(株高,茎粗,叶片数,干物质累积)都有一定程度的抑制作用,当矿化度超过3.0 g/L时,这种抑制作用变得更加明显。在相同的矿化度水平时,先灌咸水后灌淡水的交替供水方式下,玉米出苗率及苗期的生长状况较好,混灌次之,先灌淡水后灌咸水的表现最差。因此,玉米的播前灌水应采用矿化度小于等于3.0 g/L的微咸水,灌溉方式以先灌咸水后灌淡水为宜。

In order to develop and utilize the shallow brackish water reasonably to relieve the shortage of freshwater effectively,this paper studied the influence of different salinity brackish water( 1.7,3.0,4.0 and 5.0 g/L) and different irrigation conditions( alteration way and mixed irrigation) to the maize seeding forming percentage and the growth of seeding by the method of pot experiment. The results show that with the increase of water salinity,maize emergence time of seeding emergence decreases and the growth indicators of maize seeding stage( plant height,stem diameter,leaf number and dry matter accumulation) show a certain degree of inhibition. When the salinity is over3.0 g/L,the inhibition degree becomes more obvious. However,under the same salinity condition of brackish water,the alternation way of irrigating freshwater after saltwater shows a better influence on germination rate and seeding growth of maize. Mixed irrigation takes the second place and the irrigation of saltwater after freshwater shows the worst. So the irrigating brackish water below 3. 0 g/L salinity before planting and taking the method of irrigating freshwater after saltwater are appropriate.