现代汉语动词“放”的词义考察:兼与越南语动词“DAT”对比

An Investigation on the Verb ＂fang＂（放）in Modern Chinese： Referring to the Verb ＂DAT＂ in Vietnamese

动词＂放＂是现代汉语中词义最为复杂的词语之一。＂放＂本来是一个实义动词,表示＂逐＂。但随着社会的发展、语言环境的变化,它的意义也逐渐泛化,到现在发展成了一个泛义动词。泛义动词＂放＂使用频率很高,其词类及意义也复杂多彩。《现代汉语词典》对动词＂放＂共列出了十八个义项,＂放＂的基本义是＂解除约束,使自由＂①,但经过发展和变化动词＂放＂已经有十八义项,其中,有一个义项是＂使处于一定的位置＂相当于越语动词＂dat＂的义项。笔者根据《现代汉语词典》及《越南语词典》②研究这两者的词义情况,之后分析其是否与越南语动词＂dat＂有相对应的表达形式。经过考察,笔者大胆补充一个义项：＂让、允许＂（cho、de cho）。希望本文将为对汉语教学、研究、翻译工作提供一份有价值的参考材料。

In the Chinese language, the verb“放”is a real verb, and its original meaning is ＂th？＂ （released prisoners）. Through the development of history and the change of language environment, its meaning has gradually been widened; until now it has become polysemous. The ambiguous verb“放”is used with high frequency, and its semantic is extremely rich. In the Chinese language dictionary, the verb“放”lists 17 meanings, with one meaning completely similar to the verb ＂put＂ in Vietnamese. Based on the Modern Chinese Dictionary and Vietnamese dictionary, the author conducted a survey that basic and extended meaning of these two verbs. After examining the meaning of the verb“放”, the authors carried on a comparison with reference to the expression of the verb ＂put＂ in Vietnamese. Through the survey, the author boldly added another meaning“让, 允许”（give, to give） for the verb“放”. Hopefully, the article will provide useful reference sources in researching, interpreting and teaching the Chinese language.