四川盆地西南缘山地黄壤在不同植被恢复模式下的养分特征

Soil Nutrient Characteristics in Different Vegetation Restoration Patterns of Mountain Yellow Soil in the Southwest Margin of Sichuan Basin

森林植被是影响土壤理化性质的重要因素,充分了解植被与土壤性质之间的相互关系,是森林经营的基础[1]。以四川盆地西南缘马边县低山区山地黄壤为研究对象,对比了柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk)纯林、桤木(Alnus cremastogyne Burk)纯林、灌木林、柳杉桤木混交林(简称混交林)和迹地的土壤碱解氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾等土壤养分随土壤深度变化情况。结果表明:土壤养分含量在5种恢复模式下,大小关系为灌木林>桤木>混交林>柳杉>迹地,且林分土壤养分含量0~15 cm层>15 cm^30 cm层,各土壤养分之间呈现出显著相关性。因此,森林植被恢复造林时,以乔灌结合、混交造林、适地固氮树种造林,能起到更好的改善土壤理化性质、增加土壤养分,促进森林植被生长、有利生态循环的作用。

Forest Vegetation is the important factor on effect of soil physicochemical properties. Therefore,the basis of forest operation is fully to understand the mutual relations between vegetation and soil property. The mountain yellow soil of low mountainous regions was taken as the object in Mabian County,southwest of Sichuan basin margin,compating the Cryptomeria fortunei forest,Alnus cremastogyne forest,bush wood,mixed forest( Cryptomeria fortunei × Alnus cremastogyne) forests and slush's soil nutrient changes with the depth of soil including soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,full phosphorus,full potassium,effective phosphorus,and available potassium. The results showed that the soil nutrient content decreased under the five models of shrub,alder,mixed forest,Cryptomeria fortunei and slush,forest soil nutrient content of 0 ~15 cm layer was hlgher than that of 15 cm ~ 30 cm,which presented a significant correlation. Therefore,integrated shrubbery,mixed planting and optimum afforestation of nitrogen fixation tree in afforestation will improve soil physical and chemical properties,increase soil nutrient,accelerate the growth of forest vegetation,which is good for ecological circulation.