中国大规模减贫的经验:基于扶贫战略和政策的历史考察

China's Experience of Large-scale Poverty Reduction:A Historical Review Based on Poverty Reduction Strategies and Policies

中国大规模减贫取得了举世瞩目的成就。新中国成立以来,根据各时期贫困状况和国家可支配资源能力,中国的扶贫战略和政策不断调整以适应现实需求并呈现出阶段性变化的特点。新中国成立以来的扶贫历程大致分为保障生存阶段、体制改革阶段、解决温饱阶段、巩固温饱阶段、全面小康阶段五个阶段,各个不同阶段的扶贫战略和政策变化过程表现出不同的特征。60多年的扶贫战略和政策演变表明,稳中有进的宏观战略、由粗转精的瞄准政策、更加高效的资源传递、组合多样的扶持政策及更加多元的治理方式是中国取得巨大减贫成就的宝贵经验。

China＇s massive poverty reduction has made remarkable achievements. Since the founding of the People＇s Republic of China, according to the poverty situation and the disposable resources, China＇s poverty alleviation strategies and policies have been adjusted to meet the actual needs,showing the characteristics of the changes. This paper divides poverty alleviation course into five stages（ guaranteeing survival stage,system reform stage,solving adequate food and clothing stage,consolidating food and clothing stage,and comprehensive well-off stage）. Then, this paper analyzes the different characteristics of poverty alleviation strategies and policies in different stages. Over the past 60 years,poverty alleviation strategies and policy evolution have shown that China has made great achievements in poverty alleviation through its macro-policy of steady progress,targeting policies by more refined resources, more efficient resource delivery, diversified supportive policies, and more diversified governance methods,which are valuable anti-poverty experience.