生产性活动的现实展开——弗洛姆对马克思劳动观的解读

The Realization of Productive Activities——An Interpretation of Marx's View of Labor by Erich Fromm

弗洛姆从三个维度对马克思的劳动观进行了具有逻辑建构意义的阐释。通过将人的本质把握为自由自觉的生产性活动、将异化劳动理解为生产性活动的否定以及将社会主义内在意蕴提炼为向自由自觉的劳动的回归,弗洛姆使得马克思的劳动观的逻辑起点、主体内容和理论旨归得以清晰地呈现。但他对马克思的解读也存在一些理论盲点,如强调人本主义逻辑而忽视了历史辩证法的维度、侧重从心理学层面理解异化劳动而忽视了马克思对其的正面评价以及忽略了劳动主体的历史性转换等。本文通过对弗洛姆的洞见和迷误进行剖析,以期促进在当前历史阶段对马克思劳动观的理解。

Fromm interprets the Marx＇ s labor view which is of logical construction significance from three dimensions.By comprehending the essence of man as a free and conscious productive activity, the estranged labor as the negation of productive activity and the inner meaning of socialism as the return of free and conscious labor,Fromm presents Marx＇ s start point of logic labor viewthe starting point, the main content and the theoretical purpose clearly.However, there are also some theoretical blind spots,such as emphasizing the logic of humanism and ignoring the dimension of historical dialectics, focusing on understanding the estranged labor from the psychological level and ignoring Marx＇ s positive evaluation and ignoring the historical transformation of the subject of labor and so on.This article analyses the insights and misunderstanding of Fromm to promote the understanding of Marx＇s labor view in the current historical stage.