20世纪以来农村基层社会管理体制的演变历程

The evolutionary process of China's rural grass-roots social management system since the 20th century

建设畅通高效的农村社会治理体制机制,也就是打造现代国家的基石。20世纪以来,中国农村基层社会管理体制历经了数次改革与重建。晚清民国时期,国家权力持续下移,现代国家政权建设紧锣密鼓,但并未与传统乡绅的作用相得益彰;中华人民共和国成立后30年间,国家权力实现了对农村基层的全方位渗透,解决了权力内卷化问题,但农民主体的地位和作用没有得到充分发挥;改革开放以来,乡政村治弥补了农村社会管理出现的真空地带,但村民自治制度始终没有得到真正落实。从近些年的发展来看,中央倡导的社会治理现代化目标,是农村基层社会管理体制创新的必由之路。

The construction of an efficient system for rural social governance is to lay a cornerstone for building a modern country. Since the 20th century, China＇s rural grass - roots social management system has undergone several reforms and reconstructions. During the period of the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China, the power of the state was on the decline. Though the construction of a modem state power continued, it did not go in line with the role of the traditional gentry. During the first thirty years after the founding of the People＇s Republic of China, the state power realized the comprehensive penetration in the rural grassroots institutions and solved the problem of power involution, but the farmers did not become the main player. Since the reform and opening - up in China, the township - village governance has avoided the governance vacuum in the rural social management, but the villagers＇ self - government system has not been fully implemented. Judging from the development in recent years, the goal of modernized social governance advocated by the Central Government is the only way to innovate China＇s rural grass -roots social management system.