美国船舶和港口污染防治经验及对中国的建议

Prevention and Control Experiences of pollution from vessels and ports in United States and Suggestions for China

船舶和港口大气污染已成为港口城市的主要污染源。在部分地区,其对大气污染的贡献率甚至超过机动车和电厂。现阶段我国船舶和港口大气污染防治仍处在起步阶段。当前船舶和港口污染防治仍存在众多问题,亟需借鉴国外经验。美国采取了多种途径防止并控制港口大气污染,包括设立排放控制区,制定标准,加强监管,运用经济激励政策等。美国在船舶和港口大气污染排放控制方面取得的显著成效为我国提供了丰富经验。本文归纳了美国治理措施的特点和我国当前的不足,并为船舶和港口大气污染防治提出建议。

Pollution from ports and vessels has been one of the major sources of air pollution in port cities. In certain places,it makes greater contribution to air pollution than power plants and vehicles. At present,prevention and control of pollution from vessels and ports in China is still a very big problem at primary stage. Pollution prevention faces many problems now,while experience of other countries will contribute to our development. United States have taken various measures to control air pollution in port cities, including establishing emission control area, formulating standard, enhancing management and applying economic incentive policies. The success of pollution prevention in United States is beneficial for China. In this paper,the characteristics of United States and shortages of China in controlling pollution have been analyzed,we also put forward some suggestions to control pollution from port and vessels.