花粉直感对4个新疆野苹果优系果实品质的影响

Effect of Xenia on Fruit Quality of 4 Malus sieversii Clones

本研究以4个新疆野苹果优系为试材,采用绚丽海棠花粉对其进行控制授粉,研究绚丽海棠花粉对其果实品质(套袋条件下)的影响。结果表明:与自然授粉相比,绚丽海棠花粉授粉果实的单果质量、果实纵径、果实横径、果形指数和果实酸度有升高趋势,可溶性固形物含量和果柄长度有降低趋势,部分优系间差异达到显著水平(p<0.05),果柄粗度变化趋势不一致;在控制授粉和自然授粉条件下,参试的4个新疆野苹果优系果实香气成分均以醛类和醇类为主,但控制授粉对其相对含量的影响存在差异,优系N-1在绚丽海棠花粉授粉条件下,醛类相对含量有明显升高,而醇类相对含量未出现明显变化,优系N-2和N-3在绚丽海棠花粉授粉条件下,均表现为醛类相对含量明显降低,醇类相对含量明显升高,优系N-4的醛类和醇类相对含量受绚丽海棠花粉影响较小;绚丽海棠授粉对4个新疆野苹果优系醛类、醇类、酸类和酯类种类及各组分所占比重有明显影响。绚丽海棠花粉授粉对4个新疆野苹果优系果实品质有明显影响,但对果实香气成分的影响未表现出规律性。

For studying the pollen xenia o f Mal us sieversii, pollens of Malus ＇Radiant＇ was used to pollinate 4Malus sieversii clones. The results showed that： Compared with the natural pollination, control pollination fruit had the tendency to increase the fruit mass, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, shape index,acidity, while had the tendency to decrease the content of the soluble solid, fruit stalk length, and some of quality indicators revealed a significant difference（p〈0.05） between natural pollination and control pollination fruit. The effect of control pollination on the thickness of fruit stalk was not consistent; Aldehydes and alcohols were the main aroma components of 4 Malus sieversii clones by natural pollination and control pollination; The effect of control pollination on the aroma components of 4 Malus sieversii clones was not consistent. The relative contents of the aldehydes of N-1was increased and the alcohols did not show obvious change under control pollination; The relative contents of the aldehydes of N-2 and N-3 were decreased and the alcohols were increased under control pollination; The relative content of aldehydes and alcohols of N-4 did not show obvious change under control pollination; The control pollination had a significant effect on the species and proportion of aldehydes, alcohols,acids and esters of 4 Malus sieversii clones; The contro l pollination had obvious effects on the fruit quality of 4Malus sieversii clones, but the effect on the aroma components of fruit was not regular.