统收式采棉机棉桃分离回收系统的设计及试验

Design and Test of Cotton-boll Separation and Collection System from Stripper Cotton Harvester

棉花机械化收获技术包括统收式一次采摘技术与选收式多次采摘技术,各有其特点与优势。随着棉花产业的发展和广大棉农的迫切需求,我国统收式棉花收获技术取得了一系列创新性成果,并能在生产实践中得到推广应用。统收式棉花收获机实施机械化采收时往往会将籽棉连同少量棉桃、茎秆、棉叶等杂质一起采收,采摘下的青桃由于含水率高,极易给籽棉染色,造成品质下降。为提高棉桃清分效率,减少籽棉损失及解决棉纤维被染色等问题,统收式采棉机实施机械化采收籽棉时,需增设棉桃分离装置。在介绍装置的组成和工作原理的基础上,依据试验所测量物料悬浮速度的差异性,设计气吹式、气吸式两种分离模式的棉桃分离装置,并基于ANSYS Fluent软件开展空气动力学的仿真分析与试验对比验证。结果表明:气吸式棉桃分离装置优于气吹式棉桃分离装置,其棉桃清分率提高20%以上,同时籽棉损失率减少5%。棉桃分离回收系统创新性研究成果,不仅有利于统收式采棉技术与装备的综合性能得到改善与提高,而且对促进我国棉花产业的可持续性健康发展有着十分重要意义。

The cotton mechanized harvesting technologies include once all-harvest technology and multiple part-harvest technology,which has its own characteristics and advantages. With the development of cotton industry and active demand of cotton farmers,China has achieved a series innovative results in cotton harvesting technology,which has been popularized and applied in production practice. In cotton mechanized harvesting procedure,cotton bolls,stalks,leaves and other impurities would be collected at the same time. The collected cotton boll would easily died the unginned cotton by its high moisture content. Thus,the cotton quality was declined. In order to improve separating efficiency,reduce the loss of unginned cotton,and solve the problem of cotton fiber dyeing,2 kinds of cotton-boll separation device were designed,including air-suction separation device and air-suction separation device. These 2 devices were designed based on their main elementary structures, working principle and differences between suspending velocities of different materials. Simulation analysis of mechanism aerodynamics and test verification were used by ANSYS fluent software. The experimental results showed that air-suction cotton-boll separation device was better than air-sweeping. It could increase the cotton-boll separating rate by over 20%,and reduce the cotton loss rate by 5%. These innovative study achievements in cotton-bolls separation recovery system was not only beneficial for the improvement and enhancement of comprehensive performance in all-harvest cotton-picking technology andequipment,but also was of important significance in promoting sustainable and healthy development of cotton industry in China.