合肥市2015年居民六类健康问题素养水平状况分析

Analysis of the health literacy level of six kinds of health problems in Hefei residents in 2015

目的了解合肥居民六类健康问题素养水平知识现状,探讨提高合肥居民健康素养水平的途径和方法,为制定和评价合肥居民健康素养政策和干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法在合肥市5个区4个县的街道及乡镇抽取15-69岁居民共1 350人进行健康素养问卷调查。结果在调查的1 350人中,居民健康素养水平为11.4%,具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能健康素养水平分别为34.1%、29.6%、16.4%;6类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为科学健康观58.6%、安全与急救42.9%、传染病防治35.9%、健康信息26.5%、慢性病防治22.6%、基本医疗11.5%。城市居民健康素养水平与农村居民比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);文化程度高的市民健康素养水平与文化程度低的居民比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);年龄较低的市民健康素养水平与年龄较高的市民比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论合肥市居民健康素养水平不高,应加强对合肥市城乡居民基本医疗、慢性病防治、健康信息知识宣传,提高全市居民基本医疗、慢性病防治、健康信息素养知晓水平。

Objective To understand the current situation of the knowledge level of the six types of health problems in Hefei residents,and explore the ways and methods to improve the literacy level of the residents in Hefei,so as to provide the basis for making and evaluating the health literacy policy and intervention measures of Hefei residents. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to investigate the health literacy questionnaire among 1350 residents aged 15-69 years in the streets and towns of 5 counties in Hefei. Results Among the 1350 people surveyed,the health literacy level of the residents was 11. 4%. The basic level of having basic knowledge,healthy lifestyle and behavior were34. 1%,29. 6% and 16. 4%. The level of 6 health literacy from high to low was 58. 6% of scientific view of health,42.9% of safety and emergency,35. 9% of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,26. 5% of health information,22.6% of prevention and control of chronic diseases,11. 5% of basic medical. There was a significant difference in health literacy between urban and rural residents（ P 0. 01）. There was a significant difference between the residents with high education level and low education level（ P 0. 01）. There was a significant difference in the level of health literacy among older citizens and those with higher age（ P 0. 05）. Conclusion The health literacy levels of Hefei residents was not high.We should strengthen the basic medical treatment,chronic disease prevention,and health information literacy to improve the awareness of basic medical care,prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and health information literacy among the residents of the whole city.