不同BMI等级初中学生体质健康状况的比较研究

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT BMI GRADES

目的了解不同等级体质量指数(BMI)初中学生体质健康水平。方法依据《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》要求,检测青岛市初中二年级学生4 662人身体形态指标(身高、体质量)、身体功能指标(肺活量)、身体素质指标(包括50m跑、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、引体向上(男)/1 min仰卧起坐(女)、1 000 m跑(男)/800m跑(女))。按BMI分为正常体质量、低体质量、体质量超标和肥胖4个等级,比较不同BMI等级学生体质健康各项指标的平均成绩和综合评价得分。结果男、女生正常体质量组体质健康各项指标平均成绩显著高于其他3组(F=4.07~422.20,P<0.05),男、女生体质健康综合评价得分随BMI的增加呈倒"V"形分布,正常体质量组综合评价得分显著高于其他3组(F=308.42、477.18,P<0.01),BMI过小或过大均不利于学生体质健康水平的发展。结论 BMI对学生体质健康水平有极大的影响,肥胖、体质量超标和低体质量是导致学生体质健康水平下降的身体形态学因素。

Objective To investigate the physical health status of junior middle school students with different body mass index（BMI）grades and to explore the influence of BMI on junior middle school students＇ physical health. Methods With reference to the＂National Physical Health Standards for Students（revised in 2014）＂,a total of 4 662 second-year middle school students in Qingdao,China were selected to examine their body shape index（height and weight）,physical function index（vital capacity）,and physical quality index（50 mrace,sit-and-reach,standing long jump,chin-up（male）/one-minute sit-up（female）,and 1 000 mrace（male）/800 mrace（female））.Based on BMI,these students were classified into four groups：standard-weight group,low-weight group,overweight group,and obesity group.The mean scores of all physical health indices and the total physical health score were compared between these groups. Results In both male and female students,the standard-weight group had significantly higher mean scores of all physical health indices than the other three groups（F=4.07-422.20,P0.05）;the total physical health score was distributed in an inverse V shape with the increasing BMI,and the standard-weight group had a significantly higher total physical health score than the other three groups（F=308.42,477.18;P0.01）,suggesting that extremely high or low BMI was not conducive to students＇ physical health. Conclusion BMI has considerable influence on students＇ physical health.Obesity,overweight,and underweight are the factors responsible for physical health decline in students.