中国改革开放39年农业用地制度研究

Research on the Evolution of Agricultural Land Institution During the 39 Years of China's Reform and Opening-up

研究目的:通过梳理改革开放39年来中国农地制度改革的演进逻辑及其具体进程,探析农地改革未来发展方向。研究方法:运用归纳推理,对农地改革进程中政策规则变化、改革相关利益方的经营决策表现,结合实地调查情况进行分析研究。研究结果:农地制度改革经历"多点增产维系"、"多点流转互动联结"到"功能主体竞争力提升"的演进历程,未来方向是"功能主体竞争力提升"进程的不断完善。研究结论:未来农地改革的路径是确定土地经营权的"实体性物权属性",制定配套制度实现对农地承包权的"实体性保护",在强调重视赋予农民"实体性权利"的同时完善农民的"实体性责任"。

The purpose of this paper is to find the direction of the China＇s agricultural land reform through the analysis of the evolution logic and the specific process of the agricultural land institutional reform during the 39 years of China＇s Reform and Opening-up. The induction method is used to analyze the evolution process of China＇s agricultural land policies and rules, and the behaviors and decisions of relevant reform stakeholders in conjunction with field survey. The results show that the agricultural land reform evolved from multi-point production increasing, multi-point interaction to functional actors competitiveness enhancing. The future direction is to improve and perfect the third processes. In conclusion, the future agricultural land institutional reform directions are as follows： the real right attribute of land operation right should be ensured; a complete set of systems to protect land contract right should be developed; and the farmers＇ responsibility should be improved on the basis of emphasizing the importance farmers＇ rights.