农地“三权分置”改革的制度背景、政策解读、理论争鸣与体系构建:一个文献评述

Review on the Background, Policy Interpretation,Theoretical Controversies and Construction of Tripartite Rural Land Entitlement System of Farmland Property Rights

研究目的:综述农地"三权分置"理论的研究现状,以期深化对农村土地"三权分置"改革理论研究和政策实施的认识,进而对中国农地制度变迁方向做出整体性判断和勾勒。研究方法:综合运用文献检索法和对比分析法。研究结果:学界对于三权分置改革的制度必然性、功能价值与积极效应的研究存在着共识,但是对于"三权分置"的政策表述、承包权和经营权的权源、性质和内容以及法律制度构建的研究却存在着分歧。研究结论:现阶段农地"三权分置"的政策逻辑和法律逻辑存在着违和性,学界对于"三权分置"的政策解读和法律解读存在着难以调和的矛盾。要想充分发挥"三权分置"政策的价值,就必须消除分歧,重叠共识,在总结实践经验的基础上进行法律调整和完善,最终实现政策安排和法律设计的完美相融。

The purpose of this paper is to review the research status of the theory concerning tripartite rural land entitlement system of farmland property rights, with a special interest in deepening the understanding of the theoretical research and policy implementation, and then to make a holistic judgment and outline on the rural land system evolution. Methods employed are literature analysis and comparative analysis. The results show that academic research on the necessity, function value and positive effects of the reform on tripartite rural land entitlement system of farmland property rights had common understanding, but there were diverse opinions on the academic fields concerning the nature and contents of contractual right and management right of rural land and how to choose the legal system in order to speed up the land management right transfer. In conclusion, at the present stage, there is a violation between policy and legal logic of tripartite rural land entitlement system of farmland property rights. Also, there is a contradiction between the policy and legal interpretation about the system in academia. In order to exploit the function of tripartite rural land entitlement system of farmland property rights, we should mitigate our differences and reach a consensus, and we also need to adjust and improve the relevant law on the basis of summarizing practical experiences so as ultimately to a achieve a perfect integration between political agenda and legal system.