社会控制与社会失范:“城中村”体育社会解组现象分析

Social Control and Social Anomy:Analyzed on the Phenomenon of Sports Social Disorganization in “Village in the City”

"城中村"是城市化发展过程中过渡化的产物,是中国很多城市发展面临的一个难题,居民体育出现无序发展现状。为促进"城中村"居民体育健康有序发展,主要采用文献资料法、访谈法和参与观察法等研究方法,以"城中村"居民参与体育活动的空间作为考察对象,选用大量的个案研究,以个人、家庭、组织及社会为纽带了解"城中村"体育社会解组现象。以社会失范理论解释发生在"城中村"中的体育赌博、体育犯罪、体育传销、体育非法组织等社会解组现象,分析"城中村"体育社会解组现象产生的原因,运用社会控制理论框架构建"城中村"体育的社会结构、社会规范制度,使"城中村"体育发展趋于良性循环。研究结果表明:"城中村"传统文化对人的控制已经减弱,而新的文化价值尚未构成,因此社会失范在这里发生是不可避免的;体育控制失灵现象是"城中村"体育社会解组现象产生的根本原因;"城中村"的社会体育结构和规范制度对控制发生在"城中村"体育社会解组行为起着关键的作用。因此"城中村"应该依靠村委会的力量,重建"城中村"体育公共空间,建立一套规范的社会体育规范体系,管理"城中村"体育,从而达到"城中村"体育组织的自主整合。

Village in the city is the transition product in the process of urbanization,is a difficult problem for many cities in China,and the sports development is out of order.In order to promote the healthy and orderly development of the residents＇ sports in village in the city,this study focused on the sports space of residents in village in the city,and chose a large number of case studies to understand the phenomenon of sports social disorganization via individual,family,organization and society.The methods of literature review,interview and participant observation were used.The social disorganization theory was used to explain the phenomenon of social disorganization in village in the city,such as sports gambling,sports crime,sports pyramid selling,and illegal sports organization,and to analyze the reason; social control theory was used to construct the framework of sports social structure,social norms in village in the city,which makes the development of village sports tend to be a cycle of conscience.The results showed that： In village in the city,the traditional culture has weakened the control of human beings,and new cultural values haven＇t yet been formed,therefore,social anomy is inevitable; sports control failure is the root to cause sports social disorganization in village in the city; the social sports structure and standard of village in the city play a key role in controlling social sports disorganization.Therefore,village in the city should rely on the village power,construct public sports space,and establish a standardized social sports management system to manage sports,so as to achieve the integration of independent sports organizations.