中国学校体育课程建设的国际性与民族性发展特征

Characteristics of International and National Development of School Physical Education Curriculum Construction in China

近现代以来,中国学校体育课程建设从无到有、由零碎到系统,体育课程建设始终存在国际性(西方化)和民族性(传统体育)两条基本路线。通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,从国际性和民族性两个视角分析中国学校体育课程建设的演进过程,大致可以分为四个阶段:学校体育课程的形成与"体操"盛行;武术成为学校体育课程合法内容与西化程度逐渐提高;传统体育几无建树与国际化建设几经波折;武术等传统体育项目进一步受到重视与国际性建设主导地位形成。通过对不同阶段的政治、经济和社会历史环境等的分析发现:我国体育课程的国际性与民族性发展呈现出"非同步性""社会依赖性""差异性""长期性与阶段性相统一"以及"科学性与非科学性同在"等方面演进特征。

Since modern times,China＇s school physical education curriculum construction has developed from nothing and from piecemeal to system; it is always in two basic routes that are internationality（ westernization） and nationality（ traditional sports）. This study analyzed the evolution process of school physical education curriculum construction in China from internationality and nationality perspectives by the methods of literature review and logic analysis,and found that the evolution process could be divided into four phases,including the phase of formation of school physical education curriculum and the prevalence of＂Gymnastics＂; phase of Wushu becoming the legal content of school physical education curriculum and improved westernization degree of school physical education curriculum; phase of no achievement of traditional sports and international construction after several twists and turns; phase of paying more attention to Wushu and other traditional sports and forming the leading position of international construction. Analyzing the politics,economy and society environment in different stages,this study found that international and national development of school physical education curriculum construction in China shows six characteristics,including non synchronization,social dependence,difference,the unity of long term and phase,and coexistence of scientificalness and non scientificalness.