动员与解放:以淮北抗日根据地妇救会为中心

Mobilization and Emancipation——Taking Women's National Salvation Society in Huaibei Anti-Japanese Base Area as Case Study

妇女动员既是争取抗战胜利的需要,又是妇女解放的需要。淮北抗日根据地的妇救会通过一系列措施来进行妇女动员,如以男性干部为开展妇女工作的中介,以上层和老年妇女为突破口,以解决妇女的实际困难为激励机制,使妇女组织得到一定程度的发展。淮北抗日根据地妇女运动的开展,使妇女自身获得了解放,如身体的解放、思想文化的解放和家庭地位的提升等。新式妇女在抗战中发挥着积极的作用,她们广泛参与抗战、支前、优抗、生产和参政活动等。妇女动员的过程伴随着女权、传统与革命的复杂纠葛。妇女解放受到传统习俗的制约,与固有的性别秩序产生了矛盾,革命的整体利益也限制着妇女解放的程度。

To mobilize women was necessary in the striving for the victory of War of Resistance against Japan, as same time the requirement of women liberation. The women＇s national salvation society in Huaibei anti-Japanese base area mobilized women through a series of methods, such as taking male cadres as intermediary force and senior women as key group, making solving women＇s difficult as encouraging mechanism, thus women＇s organizations have been developed to certain extent. The development of women＇s movement made women liberated in terms of their bodies,ideology and culture, and their family position has been improved. Modern women played a positive role in the war,such as taking part in the resistance against Japan, supporting the front of the war, giving preferential treatment to family members of army, and participating in government and political affairs. There were complex dispute between women＇s right, tradition and revolution in the process of women＇s emancipation. Women＇s liberation was restricted by traditional custom, and it contradicted with intrinsic gender sequence, and the whole interest of revolution limited the women＇s liberation.