雄性小鼠香烟烟雾染毒对子代生长发育影响的研究

The effect of male mice exposed to cigarette smoke on the growth and development of offspring

目的探讨香烟烟雾染毒对雄性小鼠生育能力及子代生长发育的影响。方法雄性KM小鼠40只,随机分为对照组和暴露组。暴露组采用呼吸道静式染毒,每日1次,每次1 h,连续染毒8周。观察香烟烟雾染毒对雄性小鼠脏器系数及精子畸形率的影响,暴露组与对照组雄性小鼠与未染毒雌性小鼠按雌雄1∶1合笼交配,怀孕雌性小鼠自然分娩,观察仔鼠生长发育情况。结果暴露组小鼠睾丸、附睾、前列腺系数与对照组比较均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(t_(睾丸)=2.864,P<0.05,t_(附睾)=2.313,P<0.05,t_(前列腺)=3.294,P<0.01);暴露组小鼠精子畸形率较对照组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.110,P<0.01)。与暴露组小鼠交配的雌性小鼠受孕率及正常分娩率均较对照组低,但差异无统计学意义(χ_(受孕率)~2=1.059,P>0.05,χ_(正常分娩率)~2=1.195,P>0.05);死仔率暴露组与对照组比较显著升高,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.304,P<0.05),出生存活率暴露组较对照组低,但差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.772,P>0.05);哺育存活率暴露组较对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.284,P<0.05)。仔鼠体重增长暴露组较对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(t_(14 d)=2.182,P<0.05,t_(21 d)=2.209,P<0.05);暴露组张耳、门齿萌出和开眼的阳性率低于对照组,除开眼的阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.901,P>0.05)外,其余均有统计学意义(χ_(张耳)~2=3.904,P<0.05,χ_(门牙萌出)~2=5.375,P<0.05)。结论香烟烟雾暴露对雄性小鼠生殖系统具有毒性作用,并会对仔鼠体重增长和生理发育产生抑制作用。

Objective To investigate the effects of cigarette smoke on fertility in male mice and offspring growth and develop- ment. Methods 40 male KM mice were randomly divided into control group and exposure group, 20 rats in each group. The ex- posure group was exposed to cigarette smoke for lh per day, and continuous exposure for 8 weeks. To observe the effects of ciga- rette smoke on the organ coefficient and sperm abnormality rate in male mice. The male mice of the control and exposure group were mating with normal female mice in 1 ： 1 for 1 week. Pregnant female mice naturally labored, and observed the growth and de- velopment of the offspring. Results The organ coefficients of testis, epididymis, and prostate of exposure group was significant- ly lower than those of the control group（ t testis = 2. 864, P 〈 0. 05, t epididymis = 2. 313, P 〈 0. 05, t prostate = 3. 294, P 〈 0.01 ）. The rate of abnormal sperm of exposure group significantly higher than that of the control group（t = 3.110, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Pregnancy and normal delivery rate in female those mated with exposed mice lower than those mated with control group, but the difference was not statistically significant （x 2 pregnancy = 1. 059, P 〉 0. 05, x2 normal delivery = 1.195 , P 〉 0. 05 ）. The rate of fetus death in the exposure group were significantly higher than that of the control group（x2 = 5. 304, P 〈 0.05 ）. The rate of birth survival in the exposure group was lower than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant （X2 = 0. 772, P 〉 0. 05 ）. The rate of feeding survival in the exposure group was significantly lower than that of the control group（x2 = 4. 284, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The weight increase of the mice＇ s offspring in the exposure group were significantly slower than that of the control group （ t,4 d = 2. 182, P 〈 0.05, t21 d = 2. 209, P 〈 0.05）. The positive rates of the pinna detachment, incisor budding , eye opening in the exposure group were lower than those of the control group. Except for the difference of the positive rate of the eye opening（x2 = 2. 901, P 〉 0. 05） , the other differences were statistically significant （x2 pinna detachment =3. 904, P 〈 0. 05, X2 inciser budding = 5. 375 P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Cigarette smoke exposure has toxic effect on the reproductive system of male mice and inhibits the weight gain and physiological development of their offspring.