四川省凉山彝族自治州2011-2014年15～24岁人群HIV新发感染监测分析

HIV-1 incidence surveillance among young people aged between 15-24 years in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture during 2011-2014

目的了解凉山彝族自治州15~24岁人群艾滋病病毒(HIV)的新发感染率及新发感染情况,了解该人群HIV的流行状况和趋势。方法收集2011-2014年凉山州各级医疗机构病历报告汇总的所有15~24岁接受HIV检测的个体,用酶联免疫吸附试验和蛋白印迹方法检测出的HIV抗体阳性样本数,排除既往阳性样本后,再应用BED捕获酶免疫法(BED-CEIA)检测出新发感染样本数,进而估算各年的HIV-1新发感染率。结果 2011-2014年,凉山州所有医疗机构共检测出15~24岁HIV新发感染者574例,占全部新发感染者的18.40%(574/3120)。各年新发感染率分别为0.40%、0.49%、0.61%和0.59%。HIV新发感染者以彝族(94.08%)、未婚(45.30%)、文盲和小学教育程度(66.38%)、农民(77.18%)和无业(3.48%)的个体居多。性传播和注射吸毒是凉山州青少年人群感染HIV主要的传播途径,但性接触传播的比例呈现逐年快速上升趋势(趋势χ~2=74.80,P<0.05)。结论凉山州青少年人群HIV感染形势严峻,通过性传播途径的HIV新发感染比例呈现逐年上升趋势。女性新发感染率呈现增长,青少年人群的主要HIV新发感染者为彝族、文化程度低、职业大多为农民和无业者。

Objective To know HIV epidemic among young people aged between 15-24 years in Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture, and provide scientific basis for HIV/AIDS prevention and control of the young group. Methods Data of young people who received HIV testing was collected from all the medical institutions in the pre- fecture during 2011-2014. The HIV-positives were confirmed by western blot and then by ＇BED HIVq incidence capture enzyme immunoassay （BED-CEIA）＇ to know the new infections, as the basis to estimate the annual recent HIV infection rates among young people. Results A total of 574 recent HIV infections were diagnosed, with the recent infection rates of 0.40%, 0.49%, 0.61% and 0.59%, respectively. The infections mainly involved with Yi ethnic （94.08%）, female （51.0%）, unmarried （45.30%）, being illiterate or those who received primary school ed- ucation （66.38%）, farmers （77.18%） and the unemployed （3.48%）. Conclusion The HIV recent infection rate among young people in Liangshan prefecture seems increasing especially the incidence of females. The main high risk populations are Yi people, those with low education, farmers and the unemployed.