博落回田间主要害虫及天敌调查

Investigation on the Main Pests and Natural Enemies in Macleaya Cordata Fields

目的:调查博落回Macleaya cordata田间主要害虫与天敌种类,为博落回栽培过程中的害虫防治提供理论依据。方法:定时定点系统调查2种不同种植条件下博落回田间节肢动物种类和数量。结果:二年生博落回田间节肢动物种类和数量比较丰富,包括41种节肢动物,其中,14种植食性害虫、10种天敌昆虫和18种蜘蛛。一年生博落回田间节肢动物种类和数量均较少,共18种,包括植食性害虫9种,天敌昆虫3种,蜘蛛6种。两种种植条件下共有的优势害虫为朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)、桃蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius),优势天敌为草间小黑蛛Hylyphantes graminicola、鳞纹肖蛸Tetragnatha squamata Karsch、八斑鞘腹蛛Coleosoma octomaculatum(Boes.et Str)。结论:博落回生长前期(5月前)应重点注意蚜虫的发生和防治,中后期(5至10月)应注意斜纹夜蛾和朱砂叶螨的发生和防治。同时,应加强对优势天敌的保护利用。

Objective： To ascertain the categories of main pests and natural enemies in the Macleaya cordata field and provide some theoretical basis for the pests control during M. cordata planting. Methods： The categories and quantities of arthropod in two different kinds of M. cordata field were investigated at the fixed time and location. Results： In the biennial M. cordata planting area, it is rich in the categories and quantities of arthropod including 41 species of arthropod with 14 her- bivorous pests, 10 natural enemies and 18 species of spiders. In the annual M. cordata planting area, the categories and quan- tities of arthropod are relatively less, including 18 species of arthropod with 9 herbivorous pests, 3 natural enemies and 6 spe- cies of spiders. Myzus persicae （ Sulzer）, Spodoptera litura （ Fabricius）, and Tetranychus cinnabarinus （Boisduval） are both dominant pests in two different kinds of M. cordata field. Hylyphantes graminicola, Tetragnatha squamata Karsch, and Coleosoma octomaculatum （Boes. et Str） were dominant natural enemy. Conclusion： The occurrence and control of M. persicae （Sulzer） should be paid more attention during the early growth stage （before May） of M. cordata; S. litura （Fabricius） and T. cinnabarinus （Boisduval） during the middle-later period （from May till October）. Meanwhile, the protection and utilization of dominant natural enemy should be strengthened.