马克思、恩格斯关于大城市规模的思想研究

On the Thought of Marx and Engels about the Size of Big Cities

马克思和恩格斯虽然没有写专文阐述其城市观,但他们关于城市的论述散见于《政治经济学批判》、《反杜林论》、《德意志意识形态》等重要的论著里。仔细梳理他们关于城市的表述可以发现:马克思和恩格斯并没有直接提出限制大城市规模的主张,他们对于大城市的形成条件及过程进行了详细的考察,对于大城市的正面作用给予了高度的评价。然而,马克思和恩格斯关于社会分工和人的全面发展的理论,以及他们对城乡关系走向的展望,都有限制大城市规模的意蕴。这种意蕴或在一定程度上影响了后来的共产党人所制定和推行的大城市政策。

Although Marx and Engels did not directly elaborate on their views on cities in a particular article, relevant discussions scattered in their important work such as Critique of Political Economy, Anti-Dfihring and The German Ideology. Systematic study of these work reveals that they held clear views on the role of cities. Viewing large cities in a positive light, they examined the prerequisites and formation of large cities. They did not explicitly state that the size of cities should be restricted in any way. Nonetheless, Marx and Engels developed theories on the social division of labor, well-rounded human development, and relations between the rural and urban sectors. Examination of their discussion reveals that their statements on cities tended to imply that the size of cities should be restrained for the sake of healthy socio-economic development.