大学学位撤销审查路径:美国的经验与启示

On the development and enlightenment of the judicial review of university degree revocation in the United States of America

通过检视美国学位撤销的相关案例,文章从撤销权确立、实体要求和程序要求具象化、学术型和非学术型撤销的分化三个方面,梳理了美国学位撤销审查的新进展,并以此为基准,对我国大学适用学位撤销时的模糊点进行了厘清。在程度拿捏上,我国应注意平衡办学自主和依法办学之间的关系;在程序要求上,应明确学位评定委员会的作用,规范通知和听证程序;在实体认定上,应准确区分学术型和非学术型"严重违规"的判断标准。

Through examining degree revocation cases in the USA, the article combs the latest pro- gress of judicial review of university degree revocation in the USA from three aspects： the establish- ment of the rescission right, the visualization of entities＇ requirements and procedural requirements, the differentiation of academic revocation and nonacademic revocation. Based on this, the author ravels out the ambiguities of the degree revocation in China＇s universities. Therefore, the author offers a se- ries of proposals that on the extension of controlling, we should notice how to guarantee the balance between ＂self-running＂ and ＂in accordance with law＂. In addition, on the requirements of procedures, we need to explicit the function of evaluation committee and standardize the procedure of notification and hearing and on the identification of entities, we should differentiate the review standard of ＂seri- ous irregularities＂ between the academic and non-academic.